I would say, Katalon Studio offers no built-in feature of “retrying API Request”. You need to implement “retry” by your own code.
If you are willing, you can implement “retry”. For example, previously, there was a discussion originated by @mqamar, which looks quite similar to your case.
There I proposed an idea but @mqamar quit the discussion. Possibly @mqamar did not like my idea because it involved a lot of code changes for him. I am afraid, @geoffrey.doco might be disappointed as well.