# Katalon Cucumber - Picocontainer - Dependency Injection

**URL:** <https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095>\
**Category:** Integrations\
**Tags:** integrations, katalon-studio\
**Created:** [December 23, 2021, 2:41am UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095 "2021-12-23T02:41:07Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 10\
**Page:** 1

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![mike.duncan.ctr](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/katalon/user_avatar/forum.katalon.com/mike.duncan.ctr/32/16104_2.png) [@mike.duncan.ctr](https://forum.katalon.com/u/mike.duncan.ctr)\
**Post date:** [December 23, 2021, 2:41am UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095/1 "2021-12-23T02:41:07Z")

</div>

I am trying to configure Katalon Cucumber to share test state (scenario context) between step definitions with dependency injection via the cucumber-picocontainer dependency. This is something I’ve done before with Maven and Java Cucumber. Katalon uses Gradle and the configuration is different.

I found this site.

> **[GitHub - katalon-studio/katalon-gradle-plugin: Katalon Studio Gradle plugin](https://github.com/katalon-studio/katalon-gradle-plugin)**
>
> Katalon Studio Gradle plugin. Contribute to katalon-studio/katalon-gradle-plugin development by creating an account on GitHub.

I executed this command.  
gradle katalonCopyDependencies

I received this error.  
Could not find method compile() for arguments [io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.0.0] on object of type org.gradle.api.internal.artifacts.dsl.dependencies.DefaultDependencyHandler.

Here is the build.gradle file.  
plugins {  
id ‘java’  
id “com.katalon.gradle-plugin” version “0.0.7”  
}  
repositories {  
mavenCentral()  
}  
dependencies {  
compile ‘io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.0.0’  
}

When executing the test case in Katalon Studio, this error occurs.  
Test Cases/Sample-Cucumber FAILED.  
Reason:  
com.kms.katalon.core.exception.StepFailedException: These following reason:  
[class steps.SampleSteps doesn’t have an empty constructor. If you need DI, put cucumber-picocontainer on the classpath, class steps.SampleSteps doesn’t have an empty constructor. If you need DI, put cucumber-picocontainer on the classpath]

Thank you.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![duyluong](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/katalon/user_avatar/forum.katalon.com/duyluong/32/1116_2.png) [@duyluong](https://forum.katalon.com/u/duyluong)\
**Post date:** [December 23, 2021, 2:42am UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095/2 "2021-12-23T02:42:04Z")

</div>

@mike.duncan.ctr

Please use Gradle 6.x instead Gradle 7.0+

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![mike.duncan.ctr](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/katalon/user_avatar/forum.katalon.com/mike.duncan.ctr/32/16104_2.png) [@mike.duncan.ctr](https://forum.katalon.com/u/mike.duncan.ctr)\
**Post date:** [March 31, 2022, 3:46pm UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095/3 "2022-03-31T15:46:26Z")

</div>

I am using Gradle 6.

**This is the build.gradle file.**

plugins {  
id ‘java’  
id “com.katalon.gradle-plugin” version “0.1.1”  
}

repositories {  
mavenCentral()  
}

dependencies {  
compile ‘io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.0.0’  
}

**This command is executed.**

gradle katalonCopyDependencies

**This is the error that occurs.**

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

- Where:  
Build file ‘C:\dev\katalon\nitaac-neos-rfx-katalon\build.gradle’ line: 3

- What went wrong:  
Plugin [id: ‘com.katalon.gradle-plugin’, version: ‘0.1.1’] was not found in any of the following sources:

- Gradle Core Plugins (plugin is not in ‘org.gradle’ namespace)
- Plugin Repositories (could not resolve plugin artifact ‘com.katalon.gradle-plugin:com.katalon.gradle-plugin.gradle.plugin:0.1.1’)  
Searched in the following repositories:  
Gradle Central Plugin Repository

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![kazurayam](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/katalon/user_avatar/forum.katalon.com/kazurayam/32/333_2.png) [@kazurayam](https://forum.katalon.com/u/kazurayam)\
**Post date:** [March 31, 2022, 11:26pm UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095/4 "2022-03-31T23:26:25Z")

</div>

I tried to reproduce what @mike.duncan.ctr reported. The `build.gradle` is as follows:

```auto
plugins {
id "java"
id "com.katalon.gradle-plugin" version "0.1.1"
}

repositories {
mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
compile "io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.0.0"
}

```

I ran it wit Gradle 6, and got error:

```auto
$ gradle katalonCopyDependencies

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* Where:
Build file '/Users/kazuakiurayama/katalon-workspace/test/build.gradle' line: 3

* What went wrong:
An exception occurred applying plugin request [id: 'com.katalon.gradle-plugin', version: '0.1.1']
> Failed to apply plugin class 'com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.ShadowBasePlugin'.
   > This version of Shadow supports Gradle 7.0+ only. Please upgrade.

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 24s
:~/katalon-workspace/test (master *)
$ gradle --version

------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 6.9.1
------------------------------------------------------------

Build time: 2021-08-20 11:15:18 UTC
Revision: f0ddb54aaae0e44f0a7209c3c0274d506ea742a0

Kotlin: 1.4.20
Groovy: 2.5.12
Ant: Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.9 compiled on September 27 2020
JVM: 1.8.0_322 (Amazon.com Inc. 25.322-b06)
OS: Mac OS X 12.2.1 x86_64

```

The message says:

> This version of Shadow supports Gradle 7.0+ only. Please upgrade.

@duyluong wrote that the `com.katalon.gradle-plugin` requires Gradle 6, but its dependent module [“Shadow”](https://imperceptiblethoughts.com/shadow/introduction/) requires Gradle7.0+.

Here is a unresolvable conflit.

I suppose, the `com.katalon.gradle-plugin` is no longer operational.

@duyluong

The only way to resolve this contradiction for Katalon Team would be to update their plugin operational on Gradle 7.0+.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![kazurayam](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/katalon/user_avatar/forum.katalon.com/kazurayam/32/333_2.png) [@kazurayam](https://forum.katalon.com/u/kazurayam)\
**Post date:** [March 31, 2022, 11:50pm UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095/5 "2022-03-31T23:50:38Z")

</div>

Try edit the `build.gradle` as follows

```auto
ext {
    AUTO_IMPORTED_JAR_PREFIX = 'AUTOIMPORTED_'
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

configurations {
    myconf
}

dependencies {
    myconf "io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.0.0"
}

task drivers {
    doFirst {
        delete fileTree("Drivers") {
            include("**/" + AUTO_IMPORTED_JAR_PREFIX + "*")
        }
    }
    doLast {
        copy { copySpec ->
            copySpec
                .from(project.getConfigurations().getByName("myconf"))
                .into("Drivers")
                .include(
                    "**/cucumber-picocontainer*.jar"
                )
                .rename({ s ->
                    AUTO_IMPORTED_JAR_PREFIX + s
                })
        }
    }
}

```

and run

```auto
> gradle drivers

```

This will work with both Gradle 6 and Gradle 7+.

`gradle drivers` will downloaded the jar and located into the projects `Drivers` folder. You fill find

```auto
$ ls Drivers
AUTOIMPORTED_cucumber-picocontainer-7.0.0.jar

```

* * *

Once I have ever studied the source of `com.katalon.gradle-plugin` v0.0.7. I found that it does the following processing steps:

1. download the specified jar `io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.0.0` into a folder managed by Gradle
2. also download the other jars which the specified jar (picocontainer:7.0.0) depends upon
3. create a “Fat Jar” which contains all files in the jars downloaded at #1 and #2
4. place the Fat Jar into the `Drivers` folder of the Katalon project.

What is “Fat Jar”? — see [https://imperceptiblethoughts.com/shadow/introduction/#benefits-of-shadow](https://imperceptiblethoughts.com/shadow/introduction/#benefits-of-shadow)

On the other hand, my `build.gradle` does

1. download the specified jar `io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.0.0` into a folder managed by Gradle
2. also download the other jars which the specified jar (picocontainer:7.0.0) depends upon
3. (no, it doesn’t)
4. (no, it doesn’t)
5. select and copy only the specified jar into `Drivers` folder while renaming the file name with `AUTOIMPORTED_` prefix.

Using my `build.gradle`, the `Drivers/AUTOIMPORTED_io.cucumber.picocontainer-7.0.0.jar` will stand alone without its dependencies. Consequently Katalon Studio will look for the depending classes in its original classpath. As you know, Katalon Studio bundles the cucumber jars of older version. Therefore it is highly likely that you would encounter more problems caused by version-conflict in the classpath.

@mike.duncan.ctr

Please try my build.gradle and see what happens…

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![duyluong](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/katalon/user_avatar/forum.katalon.com/duyluong/32/1116_2.png) [@duyluong](https://forum.katalon.com/u/duyluong)\
**Post date:** [April 1, 2022, 1:23am UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095/7 "2022-04-01T01:23:42Z")

</div>

@kazurayam @mike.duncan.ctr

With the new version `com.katalon.gradle-plugin` v0.1.1 onward, we need to use with Gradle v7.0+. Please refer to our latest guide: [https://github.com/katalon-studio/katalon-gradle-plugin#tutorial-automatically-download-dependencies-for-katalon-studio-projects](https://github.com/katalon-studio/katalon-gradle-plugin#tutorial-automatically-download-dependencies-for-katalon-studio-projects)

With `com.katalon.gradle-plugin` v0.0.7 or lower versions, we need to use with Gradle v5.x or v6.x

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![kazurayam](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/katalon/user_avatar/forum.katalon.com/kazurayam/32/333_2.png) [@kazurayam](https://forum.katalon.com/u/kazurayam)\
**Post date:** [April 1, 2022, 1:54am UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095/8 "2022-04-01T01:54:00Z")

</div>

I switched to Gradle 7

```auto
$ gradle --version

------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 7.4.2
------------------------------------------------------------

Build time: 2022-03-31 15:25:29 UTC
Revision: 540473b8118064efcc264694cbcaa4b677f61041

Kotlin: 1.5.31
Groovy: 3.0.9
Ant: Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.11 compiled on July 10 2021
JVM: 1.8.0_322 (Amazon.com Inc. 25.322-b06)
OS: Mac OS X 12.2.1 x86_64

```

I tried the following build.gradle

```auto
plugins {
    id "com.katalon.gradle-plugin" version "0.1.1"
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    runtimeClasspath "io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.2.3"
}

```

I ran the following command

```auto
$ gradle katalonCopyDependencies

```

I got a few jars in the Drivers folder

```auto
$ ls Drivers
katalon_generated_apiguardian-api-1.1.2.jar
katalon_generated_ci-environment-8.1.0.jar
katalon_generated_cucumber-core-7.2.3.jar
katalon_generated_cucumber-expressions-15.0.1.jar
katalon_generated_cucumber-gherkin-7.2.3.jar
katalon_generated_cucumber-gherkin-messages-7.2.3.jar
katalon_generated_cucumber-picocontainer-7.2.3.jar
katalon_generated_cucumber-plugin-7.2.3.jar
katalon_generated_datatable-7.2.3.jar
katalon_generated_docstring-7.2.3.jar
katalon_generated_html-formatter-17.0.0.jar
katalon_generated_messages-17.1.1.jar
katalon_generated_picocontainer-2.15.jar
katalon_generated_tag-expressions-4.1.0.jar

```

I got the required jars copied into the “Drivers” folder successfully.

(However, these jars are not “Fat”. It seems that the plugin v0.1.1 no longer uses Shadow JAR)

I have a doubt. As far as I see in the `.classpath` file the new `cucumber-core-7.2.3.jar` in the “Drivers” folder has lower precedece that the old `cucumber-core_3.0.2.jar` which is bundled in the Katalon Studio v8.2.5 ZIP.

> The precedence rule is simple. The `cucumber-core_3.0.2.jar` appears first at the line#126, the `cucumber-core_7.2.3.jar` appears later at the line #163. The jar that appears first in the list of `<classpathentry>` tags in the `.classpath` file has the precedence.

Therefore **the newer version of `cucumber-core` will not be used by Katalon Studio; Katalon Studio will use the older version of `cucumber-core`.**

@mike.duncan.ctr

I suppose you will get a bunch of version conflicts when you try to use the picocontainer.

Katalon offers a way to try to workaround version conflicts for yourself by excluding the older version of cucumber jars by following the instruction at

- [Exclude built-in libraries](https://docs.katalon.com/katalon-studio/docs/external-libraries.html#exclude-built-in-libraries)

However please find that they wrote

> - `io.cucumber.*.jar`  
> Excluding those libraries may cause failure of the relevant features.

If you try to exclude `cucumber-core_3.0.2.jar` then I am afraid you might get a serious failure in KS. I can not predict what will happen. I suppose that the only favourable resolution for @mike.duncan.ctr would be Katalon Team works and upgrades the version of io.cucumber library bundled in KS to the recent versions (v7.2.3 for example).

> [@mike.duncan.ctr](#):
>
> This is something I’ve done before with Maven and Java Cucumber.

You may want to go back there.

The latest version of io.cucumber is [7.2.3](https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java/7.2.3) while Katalon Studio bundles io.cucumber of v3.0.2, which is 4 years old. Obviously Katalon team does not keep their products in sync with the recent development of Cucumber project. Perhaps they are no longer keen on supporting Cucumber. So, in my humble opinion, people who want to use the latest Cucumber features had better not use KS.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![kazurayam](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/katalon/user_avatar/forum.katalon.com/kazurayam/32/333_2.png) [@kazurayam](https://forum.katalon.com/u/kazurayam)\
**Post date:** [April 1, 2022, 1:57am UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095/9 "2022-04-01T01:57:40Z")

</div>

Users MUST declare dependendencie with the **`runtimeClasspath`** role. I found this fact by reading the [source](https://github.com/katalon-studio/katalon-gradle-plugin/blob/master/src/main/java/com/katalon/gradle/plugin/CopyDependencyTask.java).

**WARNING** : Katalon’s documentation DOES NOT explain this at all.

> [@kazurayam](#):
>
> ```auto
> dependencies {
> runtimeClasspath "io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.2.3"
> }
> 
> ```

If a user write

```auto
testImplementation "io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.2.3"

```

the plugin passes but puts no jar files in the Drivers directory.

And if a user write

```auto
implementation "io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.2.3"

```

the plugin passes does nothing either.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![luc.namur](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/katalon/user_avatar/forum.katalon.com/luc.namur/32/20332_2.png) [@luc.namur](https://forum.katalon.com/u/luc.namur)\
**Post date:** [August 16, 2022, 2:50pm UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095/10 "2022-08-16T14:50:56Z")

</div>

Thanks a lot for this post @kazurayam. Picco was not working because I was in version 7.5.0. By downgradding it to 3.0.2 it does work correctly 👍

Honestly, I don’t understand how Katalon still use a more than 4year old version of cucumber…

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![kazurayam](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/katalon/user_avatar/forum.katalon.com/kazurayam/32/333_2.png) [@kazurayam](https://forum.katalon.com/u/kazurayam)\
**Post date:** [August 16, 2022, 2:57pm UTC](https://forum.katalon.com/t/katalon-cucumber-picocontainer-dependency-injection/61095/11 "2022-08-16T14:57:38Z")

</div>

In any Katalon Studio project, you have a file named `.classpath`. In a `.classpath` file created by Katalon Studio ver8.x, I found a line:

```auto
<classpathentry kind="lib" path="/Applications/Katalon Studio.app/Contents/Eclipse/plugins/io.cucumber.core_3.0.2.jar"/>

```

This proves that Katalon Studio bundled the `io.cucumber.core_3.0.2.jar` in its ZIP distributable. Katalon uses it for its own sake (for its own Cucumber support) which was developed 4years ago.

> [@luc.namur](#):
>
> Honestly, I don’t understand how Katalon still use a more than 4year old version of cucumber…

… because Katalon Studio’s old code uses the old version of `io.cucumber.core`, and stays unchanged. Therefore they do not need to upgrade the io.cucumber.core jar to any newer versions.

If you want to add a jar of `io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer`, you should choose a version that works in sync with the `io.cucumber.core_3.0.2.jar`. If you included any different version such as “io.cucumber:cucumber-picocontainer:7.2.3”, you would have troubles.